Most of us love the summer months, spending time anywhere the weather’s warm and working up a good sweat. However, long periods of hot, humid climates — or exposure to soaring temperatures in other forms, such as from exercising — can lead to problems associated with an electrolyte imbalance, including dehydration symptoms.
Some surveys show that 60 percent to 75 percent of Americans don’t drink enough water daily. Staying properly hydrated, especially whenever you’re losing fluids, is the very best way to feel your best and also ward off potential heat exhaustion and dehydration symptoms.
Whom does dehydration affect most? Athletes, people who perform manual labor outdoors, young children, those with gastrointestinal issues and the elderly are all especially susceptible to the effects of dehydration.
What do you need to do in order to protect yourself from dehydration and the sometimes-dangerous effects of fluid and electrolyte loss? As you’ll learn, drinking enough water daily, monitoring your thirst and urination, and rehydrating after workouts are all important steps to stave off dehydration symptoms.
What Is Dehydration?
Dehydration occurs when there is a harmful reduction in the amount of water in the body.
There are three main types of dehydration, depending on the specific fluids that are lost:
- Hypotonic or hyponatremic: The loss of electrolytes, mostly sodium
- Hypertonic or hypernatremic: The loss of water
- Isotonic or isonatremic: The loss of both water and electrolytes
Any of these three types of dehydration can be mild, moderate or severe.
- Mild is when the body has lost about 2 percent of its total fluids.
- Moderate is the body losing 5 percent of total fluids.
- Severe dehydration is when the body has lost about 10 percent of its fluids. Severe dehydration, as you can probably guess, is considered a life-threatening emergency.
Here’s what happens in the body when someone becomes dehydrated:
Dehydration is defined as the excessive loss of bodily fluids. In other words, it occurs when the body needs more fluids than are being consumed in order to function normally.
The bodily fluids that are lost and desperately needed during dehydration are either water (H2O), one or more electrolytes, or commonly a combination of both.
Electrolytes are substances that are required at specific levels in the body to carry electrical signals, help keep the pH balanced and maintain critical functions, like heartbeat rhythms and nerve signaling.
The main types of electrolytes found in the body are:
- calcium
- sodium
- potassium
- chloride
- magnesium
- bicarbonate
Out of these electrolytes, potassium, sodium and chloride ions are considered the “most essential” electrolytes in regard to hydration.
Some parts of the body are more “electrically wired” than others, so they require higher amounts of these important ions (electrolytes). The body parts that most rely on proper electrolyte balance and hydration — and are therefore especially prone to damage caused by fluid loss — include the brain, central nervous system and muscular system.
Here’s an overview of the role that different electrolytes have and how they can contribute to dehydration:
- Too much sodium can cause a type of dehydration called hypernatremia. High sodium intake is a big concern for people eating a “typical Western diet” or what many refer to as the Standard American Diet, which includes many packaged foods.
- Potassium plays a critical role in regulating heartbeat and muscle functions. A deviation in potassium levels, either higher than they should be or lower than the body requires, can adversely impact the heart rhythm and cause changes in blood pressure. Many people are low in potassium, which is made worse by consuming lots of sodium.
- Chloride helps with balancing other fluids. A significant increase or decrease in chloride levels in the body can lead to serious health problems, including death.
- Magnesium is needed for muscle contractions, proper heart rhythms, nerve functioning, bone-building and strength, reducing anxiety, digestion, and keeping a stable protein-fluid balance. That’s why magnesium deficiency is harmful and can lead to dehydration symptoms.
A variety of hormones also control the activity and concentrations of electrolytes in body. Electrolytes are mainly secreted in the kidneys and adrenal glands. They’re controlled by hormones, including rennin, angiotensin, aldosterone and antidiuretic hormones.
Dehydration Symptoms
There’s a lot more to dehydration than simply feeling very thirsty. For example, signs of dehydration can also include tension in your neck or jaw, constipation, vomiting, and lingering muscle spasms.
How can you tell if you are dehydrated? The most common warning signs and symptoms of dehydration include:
Research now shows just how much dehydration can impact overall moods and cognitive functions, contributing to lack of concentration, impairments in vision, perceptive discrimination, tracking, recall, attention, psychomotor skills and memory. This makes sense considering that about 60 percent of our bodies is composed of water, while 75 percent of our muscles and 85 percent of our brains are made up of water.
Digestive issue are also a common sign of dehydration (including in young children) because muscles within the digestive tract need enough water to contract properly in order to help you go to the bathroom. So either high or low levels of water and/or electrolytes can result in diarrhea, constipation, cramping or hemorrhoids.
Among the elderly, dehydration is one of the main reasons for hospitalizations each year. Many elderly people experience loss of fluids and other serious health problems during extreme weather periods, such as the heat of summertime.
If dehydration progresses over a period of time, severe dehydration symptoms might be experienced, which can include:
- Extreme thirst
- Irritability
- Confusion
- Extremely dry mouth and mucus membranes
- Sunken eyes
- Lack of sweating
- Lack of tears
- Very little or no urination
- In babies, sunken fontanel (a “soft spot” on their head)
- Skin that won’t “bounce back” when touched (due to moisture loss)
- Low blood pressure
- Rapid heartbeat
- Fever
- Delirium
There are subtle differences between the signs of dehydration and the signs of hypernatremia. Hypernatremia is characterized by loss of water more than loss of electrolytes.
Some of the symptoms of dehydration and hypernatremia are similar, although they might affect people differently.
Hypernatremia isn’t always more serious than dehydration, but for some symptoms are more noticeable and severe.
Symptoms of hypernatremia can include:
- Warm, velvety skin
- Dry mucus membranes
- Complaints of extreme thirst
- Twitching
- Lethargy
- Irritability
- Confusion
- Rigidity and stiffness of the muscles or joints
- Convulsions
Causes/Risk Factors
Dehydration can happen for all sorts of reasons, from eating a poor diet to becoming sick and having a fever.
The people most at risk for dehydration symptoms include:
- Young children and infants: An infant’s fluid exchange rate is seven times greater than that of an adult, and an infant’s metabolic rate is two times greater relative to body weight. These factors influence fluid levels, as does many children’s hesitancy to drink enough plain water.
- The elderly: Older people often don’t eat enough or drink enough water. Sometimes they lose the ability to feel thirsty or become accustomed to experiencing symptoms of dehydration.
- Anyone who is chronically ill, especially if the illness involves vomiting or diarrhea.
- Those overcoming fevers or viruses. It’s been found that vomiting patients and those with a stomach virus or fever likely have both restricted intakes of water and also losses of electrolytes through vomit itself.
- People recovering from surgery, during which they might not be drinking enough water due to not feeling well.
- Endurance athletes.
- High-altitude dwellers.
- Those living or working in very hot, humid conditions: The daily water requirements for temperate conditions can double or even triple in very hot weather.
- Farmers, miners, military personnel, construction workers, firefighters, forest workers, park and recreation employees, and industrial personnel are often highly physically active at work and have been found to experience higher rates of dehydration.
- Anyone sweating a lot, which can produce extra fluid loss.
- Eating a poor diet that’s low in essential minerals and nutrients from whole foods.
- Having digestive issues that block normal absorption of nutrients from foods.
- Those with hormonal imbalances and endocrine disorders, which can affect urination.
- Anyone taking certain medications, including those used to treat cancer, heart disease or hormonal disorders. This can include people taking antibiotics, over-the-counter diuretics or corticosteroid hormones.
- Those with kidney disease or damage: The kidneys play a critical role in regulating chloride in your blood and “flushing out” potassium, magnesium and sodium.
- Chemotherapy patients: Treatment can cause side effects of low blood calcium or calcium deficiency, changes in blood potassium levels, and other electrolyte deficiencies.
Natural Treatments
1. Drink Enough Water Daily
What is the fastest way to cure dehydration? Oral rehydration with water is the best option in many cases.
It’s vital to listen to your body and drink water throughout the day. Water is the best way to prevent and beat dehydration, especially during the warm summer months when we’re all prone to perspiring even more than usual.
Simply consuming the recommended eight to 10 eight-ounce glasses of water on a daily basis is usually enough for most to maintain healthy electrolyte levels and avoid dehydration symptoms. When you’re exposed to very hot temperatures, or during and after workouts, drinking more is a good idea.
Factors like your diet, age, physical activity level and body size all determine how much water you need, so it’s very helpful to keep an eye out for dehydration symptoms and drink based on your level of thirst.
How do you know you’re drinking enough water? A good rule of thumb is to drink enough so you urinate at least every three to four hours.
Your urine shouldn’t be dark yellow but doesn’t need to be clear either. You’re looking for a color somewhere in the middle, usually a pale yellow. For most people, this happens when they consume eight to 10 glasses daily, but again your needs might vary depending on the day.
Keep in mind that women who are pregnant or breast-feeding need additional fluids (about 10–13 glasses every day) to stay hydrated and prevent deficiencies, as do teenagers who are growing and developing faster than people of other ages. Anyone taking antibiotics, diuretics, hormonal pills, blood pressure medications and cancer treatments might also become dehydrated more easily, so extra fluids are a good idea.
2. Eat More Hydrating Foods
Here are 10 of the best naturally hydrating foods to include in your diet regularly:
- Coconut water or coconut milk
- Celery
- Watermelon and other melon
- Cucumber
- Kiwi
- Bell peppers
- Citrus fruits, like oranges and grapefruit
- Carrots
- Cultured dairy foods (including yogurt, kefir and amasai)
- Pineapple
Other good sources of water from foods include:
- bananas
- grapes
- bitter melon
- papaya
- lettuce
- berries
- avocado
- zucchini
- tomatoes
- radishes
It also helps to decrease foods high in sodium, including those are packaged, canned, frozen or processed.
As you can see, foods that are hydrating tend to be vegetables and fruits. They have a high water content and also contain valuable electrolytes.
There’s a reason tropical fruits like mangos and pineapple are so popular among populations living near the equator where it’s very warm.
One example is those living in Costa Rica, an area that’s one of the world’s healthy blue zones. People living there have one of the longest expected life spans in the world and regularly eat hydrating foods, including tomatoes, oranges and mangos.
Need some ideas for using these hydrating foods in recipes? You can start by making creative green smoothie recipes, the perfect way to increase intake of numerous fruits and veggies all at once with little effort to keep dehydration symptoms at bay.
What do you think about this article? Let us know your comment.
Source: Draxe
General Health Magazine 