Gingivitis is a common gum disease that causes inflammation and bleeding of the gums. It is caused by bacteria that accumulate on the teeth and gums, forming a sticky film called plaque. If plaque is not removed regularly, it can harden into tartar, which irritates the gums and causes inflammation.

Causes of Gingivitis

• Poor oral hygiene: Not brushing and flossing regularly allows plaque to accumulate on the teeth and gums.
• Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, puberty, and menopause can cause hormonal changes that increase the risk of gingivitis.
• Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and certain chemotherapy drugs, can cause dry mouth, which can lead to gingivitis.
• Diabetes: People with diabetes have an increased risk of developing gingivitis due to impaired blood sugar control.
• Smoking: Smoking weakens the immune system and damages the gums, making them more susceptible to infection.

Symptoms of Gingivitis

• Bleeding gums, especially when brushing or flossing
• Red, swollen, or tender gums
• Gums that are receding from the teeth
• Bad breath
• Taste changes
• Sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks

Treatments for Gingivitis

The goal of gingivitis treatment is to remove plaque and tartar from the teeth and gums and prevent further inflammation. Treatment options include:

• Professional cleaning: A dentist or hygienist will use special tools to remove plaque and tartar from the teeth and gums.
• Antimicrobial mouthwash: An antimicrobial mouthwash can help kill bacteria and reduce inflammation.
• Antibiotic therapy: In some cases, an antibiotic may be prescribed to treat a bacterial infection.
• Scaling and root planing: This procedure involves removing plaque and tartar from the teeth and gums below the gum line.
• Gum surgery: In severe cases, gum surgery may be necessary to remove diseased tissue and reshape the gums.

Prevention of Gingivitis

Gingivitis can be prevented by following good oral hygiene practices:

• Brush your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste.
• Floss daily to remove plaque from between the teeth.
• Use an antimicrobial mouthwash.
• Visit your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings.
• Quit smoking.
• Manage diabetes and other underlying health conditions.

Conclusion

Gingivitis is a common gum disease that can be prevented and treated. By following good oral hygiene practices and seeking professional care when necessary, you can keep your gums healthy and your smile bright.

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