Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States, with an estimated 43 million people in the country currently infected. Nearly 14 million new cases occur each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

A Global Problem

HPV is a global issue, affecting approximately 660 million people worldwide. It is estimated that 291 million women are infected with HPV and 193 million men.

Prevalence by Age

HPV is most commonly found in younger adults, but it can affect people of all ages. In the United States:

• 40% of teens aged 14-19 are infected with HPV.
• 25% of adults aged 20-24 are infected with HPV.
• 1 in 4 women and 1 in 5 men will get HPV at some point in their lives.

Types of HPV

There are over 100 different types of HPV, but not all types cause symptoms or health problems. Some types are associated with low-risk conditions, such as warts on the skin or genitals. Other types are considered high-risk and can lead to more serious health issues, including cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers.

Transmission

HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with infected areas, including the genitals, anus, and mouth. It can also be transmitted through sharing sex toys. HPV can be spread even if an individual does not have any visible warts or symptoms.

Symptoms

Most people infected with HPV do not develop any symptoms. However, some types of HPV can cause:

• Warts on the genitals, anus, or mouth
• Cervical dysplasia (abnormal cells on the cervix)
• Anal dysplasia (abnormal cells on the anus)
• Vaginal or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) (precancerous changes on the vagina or vulva)
• Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) (precancerous changes on the penis)

Treatment

There is no cure for HPV, but treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment options include:

• Medication to treat warts
• Surgery or laser therapy to remove warts or precancerous cells
• Monitoring and screening for cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers

Prevention

The most effective way to prevent HPV is to get vaccinated. The HPV vaccine is recommended for boys and girls aged 11-12. It can also be given to catch-up adolescents and adults up to age 26. The vaccine is safe and highly effective in preventing the most common types of HPV that cause cancer.

Other preventive measures include:

• Using condoms during sexual activity
• Limiting the number of sexual partners
• Getting regular cervical cancer screenings

Conclusion

HPV is a common STI that can have a significant impact on health. The most effective way to prevent HPV and its complications is to get vaccinated. By understanding the prevalence, symptoms, transmission, and prevention of HPV, individuals can take steps to protect their health.

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